Essex County, New Jersey

Essex County was officially established in 1682 by the East Jersey Legislature as one of the four original counties of present-day New Jersey (Bergen, Monmouth, and Middlesex were the others). By the time of the American Revolution, Essex County had become quite prosperous. After the war, the County entered a period of unprecedented industrial growth. This was due in part to the completion of the New Jersey Railroad, the Morris Canal, and the establishment of the Morris and Essex Railroad. Factories that grew up around the rail and canal arteries drew waves of immigrants from Europe, and the population began to swell.

In 1895, Essex County became the first County in the United States to create a Countywide park system. That year, the Governor of New Jersey signed legislation creating the Essex County Parks Commission, and the first 60 acres of land were acquired from the City of Newark as the beginning of Branch Brook Park. The Parks Commissioners had the foresight to retain Frederick Law Olmsted, the creator of New York’s Central Park, to design 20 of Essex County’s 25 parks and reservations. Those first 60 acres have grown into 5,745 acres of greenspace, which include vast reservations, developed parks, golf courses, tennis courts, ice and roller skating complexes, and a zoo.

The “roaring 20’s” was a decade of growth and prosperity, particularly with the construction of Newark’s first skyscrapers and the development of the building trades industry. Newark Airport was opened, Port Newark came into being, and the Newark City Subway was under construction. It was also at this time that many of the County’s boroughs and townships experienced major development and expansion, and that early suburban shopping centers were begun.

Since its inception, Essex County has been the industrial and financial hub of New Jersey. Countywide, total real property values now exceed $36 billion, with an annual growth in 1996 of $78 million. With the opening in 1997 of the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark, Essex will rival New York City as a cultural center for music and dance, showcasing the nation’s and the world’s best artists. A County-sponsored baseball and soccer stadium complex will bring minor league baseball back to Essex County in the 1998 season.

With Newark International Airport and Port Newark located within its borders, Essex County is a major national transportation hub with a superior network of rail, highway, air, and sea transportation, and is home to one of the world’s largest containerized shipping ports.

Today, Essex County, with 21 municipalities ranging over 127 square miles and a total population of 765,348, is New Jersey’s second most populous County. The Essex County economy continues to shift from a manufacturing base to a service-oriented economy, and many corporate giants such as PSE&G, ADP, and Prudential have their headquarters located in Essex County.

Licensed Municipalities in Essex County: